The current pandemic of COVID-19 that is spreading across countries originated in Wuhan, China. The single cause of this highly communicable disease is a novel coronavirus, called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the seventh known virus of the Coronaviridae family capable of infecting humans.
The fast propagation of this disease is mainly through close contact with infected individuals via respiratory droplets from either sneezing or coughing. Furthermore, there are two other ways of transmitting the virus, including contact and aerosol transmission.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that belongs to the coronavirus family. The first case was reported in December 2019, and the disease has become a pandemic.
Impaired immune regulation is one of the factors that play a role in its pathogenesis and results in poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients. There have been many studies with drug candidates used as antivirals or immunomodulators. However, the results of these investigations showed that the drug candidates were not significantly effective against the disease. Meanwhile, people believe that consuming herbal immunomodulators can prevent or even cure COVID-19.
Unfortunately, specific preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate the effects of herbal immunoregulators have not been conducted. Certain natural compounds might be effective for the treatment of COVID-19 based on general concepts from the previous history.
Among infected patients, COVID-19 shows various unspecific symptoms, ranging from mild to severe. A report from Huang et al. mentioned that fever (98%) is the most frequent manifestation that is reported by patients, followed by cough (76%), myalgia or fatigue (44%), sputum production (28%), and headache (8%).
Also, some fatal cases have been reported in certain patients experiencing progressive respiratory failure due to the virus activity that attacks the alveolar epithelial cells. This damage is initiated by the receptor-binding domain (RBD) attachment of the virus to the receptor on the respiratory tract, known as the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor.
Humans have many ACE2 receptors in their respiratory tracts, which increase their susceptibility to COVID-19. This molecular mechanism may partly explain why the incidence rate of this disease is increasing rapidly. Afterward, viruses infecting humans can lead to subsequent inflammatory processes and the release of numerous proinflammatory cytokines that are responsible for the clinical appearance of inflammation.
Some of these proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1a, and TNF-α, are highly elevated in the blood of severely ill COVID-19 patients. Thus, there may be an association between this elevated level of cytokines and the severity of a patient’s manifestations.
Currently, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19. Furthermore, people in the community and researchers are trying to find the best way to cure or prevent the disease, including using herbal medicine. Since the immune status of patients plays an essential role in COVID-19 infection, an herbal medicine, which has an immunomodulatory effect, could have potential as a preventive measure and even therapeutic agent for patients with COVID-19 infection.
A recent trend in the community is the consumption of herbal medicines containing certain active compounds, which have antimicrobial or antiviral, antiinflammatory, and immunostimulatory activities, such as echinacea, quinine, and curcumin. These herbal compounds are assumed to have the capacity to modulate the immune response and, therefore, they are believed to have
beneficial effects on preventing or treating COVID-19.
This article explains in detail the molecular pathomechanism of COVID-19 and how active compounds of herbal products might prevent or cure the disease. It also will discuss the safety aspects of these natural compounds and provide recommendations for both the community and clinicians.
Characteristic of SARS-CoV-2
Structure of SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2, or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is one of the viruses that belong to coronaviruses. This Virus is reported to be one of the wisest, fastest, deadlier, and most adaptable viruses that has entered our world today.
The common coronavirus is a positive single-strand RNA virus (+ssRNA) that belongs to the order Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, and subfamily Orthocoronavirinae. This specific coronavirus is divided into four genera:ALPHA α, BETA β, GAMA γ, and DELTA δ. Each genus is further divided based on the characteristics of its subtype, genome, and phylogenic clustering. At present, six types of coronavirus infect humans.
Thus, SARS-CoV-2 has become the seventh coronavirus that can infect humans.
Coronavirus is a type of virus that has an envelope, which is round or oval and is often pleomorphic. The diameter of this virus is about 50–200 nm. SARS-CoV-2 has a unique, club-shaped spike projection on the surface of the virus, which makes this virus look like a solar corona.
There are four major structural proteins encoded by this novel coronavirus. They are the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N)proteins. The S protein is the most important structure that can bind with the receptor.
This glycoprotein is located on the surface of the virus and mediates the attachment to the host cell’s receptor. This protein is also the main antigenic structure in this virus.
The S protein of this virus is a trimeric S glycoprotein, which is a class I fusion protein and mediates the attachment to the host cell’s receptor. In most coronaviruses, the S protein is cleaved by a host cell furin-like protease into two polypeptides, which are known as S1 and S2. The S1 is part of a large RBD of the S protein, and the S2 forms the stalk of the spike protein structure.
The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 can interact strongly with the host cell via the ACE2 receptor. This interaction creates a significant public health risk for human transmission.
After the S protein of the virus binds with ACE2, the virus envelope can fuse with the host cell membrane and enter the host cell.
How dangerous and easy is it to get the new variants of COVID-19 delta?
Information about the characteristics of these variants is rapidly emerging.
Scientists are working to learn more about how easily they spread, whether they
could cause more severe illness and whether currently authorized vaccines will
protect people against them.
What we know Viruses constantly change through mutation, and new variants of a virus are expected to occur over time. Sometimes new variants emerge and disappear.
Other times, new variants emerge and persist. Multiple variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 have been documented in the United States and globally
during this pandemic.
The virus that causes COVID-19 is a type of coronavirus, a large family of
viruses. Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surfaces.
Scientists monitor changes in the virus, including changes to the spikes on the
surface of the virus. These studies, including genetic analyses of the virus, are helping scientists understand how changes to the virus might affect how it
spreads and what happens to people who are infected with it.
Multiple variants of the virus that causes COVID-19 are circulating globally.
What is the difference between vaccine and herbal medicine?
Vaccines contain tiny fragments of the disease-causing organism or the blueprints for making the tiny fragments. They also contain other ingredients to keep the vaccine safe and effective. These latter ingredients are included in most vaccines and have been used for decades in billions of doses of vaccines.
Each vaccine component serves a specific purpose, and each ingredient is tested in the manufacturing process. All ingredients are tested for safety.
Antigen.
All vaccines contain an active component (the antigen) that generates an immune response, or the blueprint for making the active component. The antigen may be a small part of the disease-causing organism, like a protein or sugar, or it may be the whole organism in a weakened or inactive form.
How does herbal medicine come to help?
Naturally occurring compounds, known as phytochemicals (Phyto means plant in Greek) are thought to be largely responsible for the protective health benefits of these plant-based foods and beverages, beyond those conferred by their vitamin and mineral contents.
What we have in our toolkit
These phytochemicals, which are part of a large and varied group of chemical compounds, also are responsible for the color, flavor, and odor of plant foods, such as blueberries’ dark hue, tomatoes, pepper, broccoli’sbitter taste, and garlic’s pungent odor.
Research strongly suggests that consuming foods rich in phytochemicals provides health benefits, but not enough information exists to make specific recommendations for phytochemical intake.
Phytochemicals Defined
Phytochemicals also referred to as phytonutrients, are found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, beans, herbs, spices, nuts, and seeds and are classified according to their chemical structures and functional properties. Phytochemicals include compounds such as salicylates, phytosterols, saponins, glucosinolates, polyphenols, protease inhibitors, monoterpenes, phytoestrogens, sulfides, terpenes, lectins, Alkaloids, Tannins, flavonoids, and many more.
Mechanism of Action
Researchers have found that phytochemicals have the potential to stimulate the immune system, prevent toxic substances in the diet from becoming carcinogenic, reduce inflammation, prevent DNA damage and aid DNA repair, reduce oxidative damage to cells, slow the growth rate of cancer cells, trigger damaged cells to self-destruct (apoptosis) before they can reproduce, help regulate intracellular signaling of hormones and gene expression, and activate insulin receptors.
In addition, there likely are health effects of phytochemicals that researchers haven’t yet recognized.
Much laboratory research has focused on the antioxidant function of phytochemicals. However, their antioxidant activity is reduced in the body during metabolism, and the levels present in blood and tissue are fleeting and quite low.
For many of the phytochemicals in food, the antioxidant effects on cell signaling and gene expression may be more important for health
benefits than direct antioxidant activity, effects that can be seen even with low concentrations of phytochemicals in plasma and tissues.
In addition to being rich sources of phytochemicals, plant foods also are sources of fiber, vitamins, and minerals whose mechanisms have been more clearly elucidated. But identifying which individual compounds are responsible for the benefits associated with phytochemical-rich foods is difficult, if not impossible, because of the interactions that occur with vitamins, minerals, and fiber as well as among the phytochemicals themselves. The unique combination of
these compounds may be the key to reduced disease risk, but that formula hasn’t yet been identified and tested.
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem. Neem tree is referred to as God’s own Pharmacy in India because of its numerous medicinal benefits.
Neem leaf is used for Malaria, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), fever, diabetes, gum disease (gingivitis), and liver problems.
Neem also has an anti-inflammatory property that helps reduces acne, Nourishes Skin, Treats Fungal Infections, Useful in Detoxification, Increases Immunity, Prevents Gastrointestinal Diseases, and Treats Wounds.
Moringa oleifera alone on its own prevent about three hundred different diseases that affect mankind. Moringa contains lots of phytochemicals that help fight arthritis and other joint pains (rheumatism), asthma, cancer, constipation, diabetes, diarrhea, seizures, stomach pain, stomach and intestinal ulcers, intestinal spasms, headache, heart problems, high blood pressure, kidney stones, symptoms of menopause, thyroid among many others.
People commonly use garlic for high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol or other fats in the blood, and hardening of the arteries. It is also used for the common cold, osteoarthritis, and many other conditions.
Garlic May Help Lower Blood Pressure, Help Quell Inflammation, Help Lower Cholesterol, Support Immune Function, Reduce Blood Clotting and Provides a Host of Antioxidants.
Cryptolepis sanguinolenta is employed in the treatment of malaria, diarrhea, and respiratory conditions, and other inflammatory conditions.
Hibiscus sabdariffa for the treatment of high blood pressure, liver diseases, and fevers. In large amounts, hibiscus tea acts as a mild laxative. Hibiscus has been used historically for high blood pressure and contains several important ingredients including alkaloids, anthocyanins, and quercetin.
Due to their soothing (demulcent) and astringent properties, the flowers and leaves have been traditionally used to treat conditions such as cancer and gallbladder attacks, to lower blood pressure, to relieve dry coughs, and topically to treat skin afflictions.
Ginger has been used for thousands of years for the treatment of numerous ailments, such as colds, nausea, arthritis, migraines, and hypertension. The medicinal, chemical and pharmacological properties of ginger have been extensively reviewed.
Xylopia aethiopica apart from its culinary benefits, Help cure bronchitis. Help in the treatment of Asthma and rheumatism. It also has these benefits: used as anti-tumor, anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypotensive, and coronary vasodilatory effects.
Echinacea, also known as the purple coneflower, is an herbal medicine that has been used for centuries, customarily as a treatment for the common cold, coughs, bronchitis, upper respiratory infections, and some inflammatory conditions.
Echinacea supplementation may assist with the symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARI) and the common cold, particularly when administered at the first sign of infection; however, no studies using Echinacea in the prevention or treatment of conditions similar to COVID-19 have been identified
Today, people use echinacea to shorten the duration of the common cold and flu and reduce symptoms, such as sore throat (pharyngitis), cough, and fever.
Many herbalists also recommend echinacea to help boost the immune system and help the body fight infections.
The turmeric plant is used as traditional medicine and remedy for various diseases including coughs, diabetes, dermatological conditions, respiratory problems, cardiovascular and hepatobiliary diseases, arthritis, irritable bowel disease (IBS), peptic ulcers, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis.
MEDICURE MIXTURE is made up of ALL these Giants from the Plant Kingdom mentioned above. Coming together as a strong force to battle any human diseases against mankind including COVID-19 DELTA VARIANT. MEDICURE MIXTURE!!- IT IS A POWER-PACKED!!! THE MAN WITH THE PUNGENT PUNCH!!!!
Medicure mixture is a complete final punch that deals with COVID-19 delta virus permanently.
A lot of analysis has gone into investigations of MEDICURE MIXTURE from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi and the Food and Drugs Authority and found to be very safe for human consumption. Please find attached the various Analysis reports for your perusal.
Medi-Moses has finally come out with THE MAN WITH THE PUNGENT PUNCH- MEDICURE MIXTURE made up of all these daily herbs that Africans use every day.
Why do you think Africans are not suffering from Covid-19 ailments than the rest of the World? According to initial predictions by the Western World that Africans will die like flies or chickens by the roadside.
There are several reasons. Some say it is the weather. Others say God just loves Africans.
But the secret is the daily food that we eat every day as Africans.
There is an Antigen-Antibody reaction that produces antibodies against the invading antigen in this COVID-19 virus. The Antibodies serve as the defense system for the body.
Can herbal medicine provide reasonable alternative to fight COVID-19?
MEDI-MOSES CLINIC AND HERBAL CENTRE is recognized Worldwide as one of the most innovative fast developing, quality and authentic, and most effective herbal medicine producers in the Country. With no doubt headed by the Chief Medical Officer/Chief Executive Officer, Dr. De-Gaulle Moses Dogbatsey a World-renowned, Mulitple International Awards Winner from all over the Globe.
He is a well-qualified Medical Doctor with a Master of Philosophy in Pharmacy, with a specialization in Pharmacognosy (Plant Medicine) from the School of Medical Sciences and School of Pharmacy both from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. He is a Research Scientist formally the Head of Clinical Research Department Centre For Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem.
He also studied Traditional Chinese Medicine at Beijing University in China.
Dr. Dogbatsey Moses is a celebrity on Most TV channels and Radio stations giving and educating the public on common health issues. He also writes on health issues in the Ghanaian Daily Graphic Newspaper with lots of exciting health information.
He also studied Traditional Chinese Medicine at Beijing University in China.
Dr. Dogbatsey Moses is a celebrity on Most TV channels and Radio stations giving and educating the public on common health issues. He also writes on health issues in the Ghanaian Daily Graphic Newspaper with lots of exciting health information.
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Moses Dogbatsey and his team of Medical Herbalists and other staff from the Medi-Moses Clinic and Herbal Centre have been researching the best way to fight this Covid-19 pandemic.
They have finally come out with the MAN WITH THE PUNGENT PUNCH- MEDICURE MIXTURE
MEDICURE MIXTURE is a 100% pure herbal blend specially formulated and is made up of a bunch of tough, uncompromising Phytonutrients/ ingredients from the Plant Kingdom.
Source: Ghana Web
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